Some recent references on the genetics and evolution of color vision Yokoyama, S. 1996. Molecular evolution of retinal and nonretinal opsins. Genes to Cells 1: 787-794. Yokoyama, S. and R. Yokoyama. 1996. Evolution of photoreceptor cells and visual pigments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27: 543--567. Nei, M, J. Zhang, and S. Yokoyama. 1997. Color vision of ancestral organisms of higher primates. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14: 611-618. Yokoyama, S. (1997). Molecular basis of adaptive selection: Examples from color vision in vertebrates. Annual Reviews of Genetics. A nice recent review on the more general question of the evolution of the eye itself is Gehring, W., and K. Ikeo. 1999. Pax 6: masting eye morphogenesis and eye evolution. Trends in Genetics 15: 371-377 (Sept. issue).