Disclaimer: This is to serve as a rough guide only. Material left off this list can still be asked!!!

FORMULA TO KNOW:

Freq(A₁) = Freq(A₁ A₁ homozygotes) + (1/2) Freq(all A₁ heterozygotes)

Hardy-Weinberg

D_AB(t) = Freq(AB in generation t) - Freq(A)*Freq(B)

Freq(AB in generation t) = Freq(A)*Freq(B) + D_AB(0)(1-c)^t

Genotype frequencies under inbreeding

Sequence divergence following a Poisson distribution

Time back to a common ancestor following a geometric distribution

Expected time between new successful mutants = 1/u

Expected time to fixation = 4N generations

The marginal fitness of an allele

The mean population fitness

The change in allele frequency under selection

Equilibrium frequency under overdominant selection

Mutation-selection equilibrium for

(i) a complete recessive; p = (u/s)^1/2

(ii) more general fitnesses, p = u/(hs)

Likewise, be sure and know the Poisson and Geometric distributions from Exam 1.

The mtDNA and cpDNA genome structure

The explanation for green-white variegation in the four-o’clock plant

The explanation for poky mutants in Neurospora

How crossingover results for Holliday junction resolution

How gene conversion results for heteroduplex formation and repair

"Male" vs. "female" parents in Neurospora

The model for shell coiling in Linnaea

The basic features of the Holliday model

The differences between the Holliday, Double-strand-gap, and Meselson-Radding models

a and alpha mating-type switching in yeast

How attempts to measure genetic variation have historically progressed

Linkage disequilibrium mapping

Predicting the change in linkage disequilibrium over time

What are the consequences of genetic drift?

How does population size effect drift?

What are the dynamics of mutation and drift?

What happens under overdominant selection? Directional selection? Underdominant Selection?

What are the marginal fitnesses at a selection equilibrium point?

What happens to mean fitness during selection on a single locus? Multiple loci?

Selection-drift interactions

Compare and contrast stable, unstable, and dynamic equilibrium

The neutral theory.

Evidence for the neutral theory

Regulatory versus structural evolution.

The "erector set" model

Give four examples of that support regulatory evolution as a major force

TERMS TO KNOW:

6:2, 5:3

allozyme

Branch migration

chromatid conversion

Co-conversion

dynamic equilibrium

epsilon-crystallin

Fertility selection

Gene conversion

Gene Drift

half-chromatid conversion

Heteroduplex DNA

HML locus

HMR locus

HO locus

Holliday Junction

identical by descent

inbreeding coefficient

infinite alleles model

linkage disequilibrium

Marginal fitness of an allele

MAT locus

Maternal effects

Mean population fitness

Natural selection

Sexual selection

Sister chromatids

Stable equilibrium

Uniparental inheritance

unstable equilibrium

Viability selection