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* denotes correct answer, the percentages in front of each answer give the percentage of students selecting that answer. As shown below, with the exception of seven questions (45, 3, 34, 1, 5, 21, and 44), the majority of students selected the correct answer for each question.
1. Under the neutral theory, as the amount of selection on a protein increases 27% a. The protein will evolve faster 40% *b. The protein will evolve slower 23% c. The rate of evolution is unchanged 09% d. Both (a) and (c) 2. Bob lives to be 100 and has one child, while Jill dies at age 20, just after having twins 10% a. Bob has higher fitness 80% *b. Jill has higher fitness 0% c. Bob's fitness is five times that of Jill's 10% d. Both (a) and (c) 3. Consider a locus with two alleles, and let p = freq of allele A 30% *a. p = freq(AA) + (1/2) freq(Aa) 10% b. p2 = freq(AA) 0% c. p = 2 freq(Aa) 60% d. Both (a) and (b) are correct 4. Suppose freq(AA) = 0.5 and freq(aa) = 0.4. What is the frequency of allele A? 16% a. 0.50 68% *b. 0.55 11% c. 0.60 04% d. 0.40 5. Suppose the fitnesses of the genotypes AA: Aa: aa are 1 : 1 : 0.9. 0% a. Selection fixes allele a 40% *b. Selection fixes allele A 50% c. Selection maintains both alleles 10% d. Selection fixes genotype Aa 6. Dinosaurs were found 0% a. In the Phanerozoic Eon 0% b. In the Mesozoic Era 10% c. In the Jurassic Period 90% *d. All of the above 7. Plants first appeared on land 62% *a. In the Silurian 10% b. In the Devonian 10% c. In the Permian 18% d. In the Cambrian 8. The age of Reptiles was 30% a. The Paleozoic Era 57% *b. The Mesozoic Era 6% c. The Cenozoic Era 7% d. The Tertiary Period 9. Which is the correct statement? 70% *a. Mammals and dinosaurs appeared at roughly the same time 15% b. Trilobites went extinct at the end of the Cambrian 4% c. Angiosperms appeared in the Precambrian Eon 11% d. All the above are correct 10. Buffon 1% a. Founded population genetics 0% b. Is the name of the ASU mascot 89% *c. Suggested that species can become modified over time 9% d. Suggested the inheritance of acquired characteristics 11. Fisher 85% *a. Founded Population genetics 0% b. Invented the little fish symbol found on the backs of cars 7% c. Was the first to suggest that the earth very old 8% d. Suggested the inheritance of acquired characteristics 12. Lamarck 69% *a. Was the first to suggest a mechanism for evolution 3% b. Discovered microspheres 6% c. Was born after Charles Darwin's theory was published 21% d. Suggested that organisms tend outgrow their environment 13. Which of the following WAS NOT used by Charles Darwin as support for Evolution? 2% a. Biogeography 3% b. Functional Morphology 10% c. Animal and Plant breeding 85% *d. Molecular Evidence 14. Which of the following observations proves evolution? 9% a. Vestigial characters 1% b. Darwin's Finches 3% c. Bats and Whales have closer chemistry than bats and birds 87% *d. None of the above as no single observation proves a scientific theory 15. Darwin defined evolution as 83% *a. Descent with modification 9% b. Natural selection 0% c. Major changes in organisms 7% d. Survival of the fittest 16. Which of the following figures DID NOT influence Darwin 3% a. Lyell and Hutton 1% b. Malthus 92% *c. Kiruma 4% d. All of the above influenced Darwin 17. Sickle cell anemia 22% a. Was an example cited by Darwin 71% *b. Is an example of selective overdominance 1% c. Killed the rabbits in Australia 6% d. All of the above 18. The Biometricians 2% a. Supported Darwin 4% b. Founded modern statistics 5% c. Included Galton and Pearson 89% *d. All of the above 19. The Mendelians 90% *a. Felt that mutation, not selection, drove evolution 1% b. Were lead by Kimura 2% c. Argued with Buffon 6% d. All of the above 20. Hardy-Weinberg assumes 8% a. Random mating 0% b. Very large populations 1% c. No selection 91% *d. All of the above 21. Under Hardy-Weinberg 40% *a. Allele frequencies never change 10% b. Genotype frequencies never change 30% c. Both a and b 20% d. None of the above 22. Under blending inheritance 7% a. Genetic variation is maintained 1% b. Sickle cell alleles increase in frequency 86% *c. Half the genetic variation is removed each generation 5% d. None of the above apply 23. Bateson 83% *a. Was a Mendelian 9% b. Was a biometrician 7% c. Was a founder of population genetics 1% d. Lived before Darwin 24. Which statement is correct? 55% *a. Darwin's original theory had a major genetic weakness 6% b. Darwin was well aware of Mendel's work 13% c. Darwin was the first to propose a mechanism for evolution 25% d. All of the above 25. Malthus 3% a. Wrote "Essays on the Principles of Population" 2% b. Influenced Darwin 5% c. Suggested that populations tend to outgrow their resources 89% *d. All of the above 26. Erasmus Darwin 3% a. Suggest all organisms had a common ancestor 1% b. Was impressed by the diversity generated by animal breeders 2% c. Was Charles Darwin's grandfather 93% *d. All of the above. 27. Evolution is regarded as a scientific fact because 5% a. All other theories have been disproved 95% *b. All attempts to disprove the theory over the last 120 years have failed 0% c. Scientists do not believe in god 0% d. It accounts for 'freaks of nature" such as Sun Devils 28. Armadillos and Glyptodonts 1% a. Were both seen alive by Darwin in South American 5% b. Were found in the same location 7% c. Were offered by Darwin as examples of descent with modification 87% *d. Both b and c 29. Vestigial characters 3% a. Are under strong natural selection 9% b. Suggest that organisms are always evolving more complexity 86% *c. Are evidence of shared common ancestors 1% d. Have clear functional roles 30. Fossils 1% a. Show a succession from very simple forms to very complex forms 1% b. Show multiple examples of transitional forms 2% c. Offer direct evidence of descent with modification 96% *d. All of the above 31. If the (single) parent-offspring regression is 0.4, what is the heritability? 33% a. 0.2 7% b. 0.4 59% *c. 0.8 1% d. 0.1 32. If the two parents have values 10 and 20, their midparental value is 3% a. 10 94% *b. 15 1% c. 20 2% d. 30 33. If the slope of a midparent-offspring regression is 0.25, then 4% a. The offspring mean is 10 units above the mean 8% b. If the parents are 10 units above the mean, the offspring will be 25 units above the mean 5% c. The heritability is 2.50 83% *d. 25% of the variation in the character is genetic 34. If the father is 10 units above the original mean and its offspring have a mean of 5 units above the original mean, then the heritability is 8% a. 0.25 55% b. 0.5 4% c. 0.75 33% *d. 1.0 35. If the father is 5 units below the mean, while the mother is 5 units above the mean, then the offspring mean will be 60% *a. At the same value as the original mean 2% b. 5 units above the mean if h2 = 0.5 2% c. 5 units below the mean if h2 = 0.25 36% d. Can't tell without knowing the heritability 36. The correlation for a trait is identical twins is 0.5, while for non- identical twins it is 0.4. The heritability of this trait is 13% a. 0.1 76% *b. 0.2 6% c. 0.4 5% d. 0.5 37. If a trait shows the same correlation in identical and non-identical twins, then 14% a. h2 = 1 72% *b. h2 = 0 11% c. All the trait variation is genetic 3% d. the midparental value is zero 38. For a locus with two alleles, if the frequency of genotype AA is 0.5 1% a. freq(A) = Ã0.20 25% b. Can't give an exact value for freq(A) from this data 8% c. freq(A) is at least 0.5 65% *d. Both b and c 39. If p = freq(A) = .25, then under Hardy-Weinberg, freq(aa) equals 10% a. 0.252 4% b. 2*0.25*0.75 82% *c. 0.752 3% d. Ã0.25 40. The neutral theory 9% a. States that selection is not important 9% b. States that there are no favorable mutants 58% *c. States that it is mainly neutral mutants that are fixed 23% d. None of the above 41. Molecular clocks 16% a. Refer to the same constant rate at which all proteins evolve 7% b. Prove the neutral theory 11% c. Run faster in proteins under more selective constraints 66% *d. Run at different rates in different proteins 42. Frogs versus mammals is an example 25% a. of very different rates of molecular evolution 20% b. of similar rates of morphological evolution 51% *c. showing rates of molecular and morphological evolution are uncoupled 4% d. that proves the neutral theory 43. Epsilon-crystallin 7% a. Is an example of an important bacterial gene 80% *b. Illustrates the important of regulatory changes 11% c. Is the basis of microspheres 2% d. Is the mathematical term for the rate of neutral molecular evolution 44. Under the neutral theory, if the neutral mutation rate is the same 22% a. A small population shows more genetic variation than a large one 41% *b. A large population shows more genetic variation than a small one 17% c. Both small and large populations show the same genetic variation 20% d. Population size has no bearing on that amount of genetic variation found within a population. 45. A neutral mutant 0% a. Is always fixed in a small population 20% b. Is much more common than a mutant under selection 20% *c. Has no effect on fitness 60% d. All of the above 46. The first fossil evidence for life 8% a. Is at 4.5 billion years ago 37% b. Is in the form of stromatolites 51% *c. Is in the form of microfossils 4% d. Shows evidence of aerobic respiration 47. The carbon in our DNA comes from 60% *a. The remains of dead stars 20% b. The original big-bang 20% c. Microspheres 0% d. Fossil stromatolites 48. The Miller-Urey experiment showed 6% a. Microspheres spontaneously form 3% b. Sickle cell anemia homozygotes are resistant to malaria 85% *c. The conditions on the early earth generate complex organic molecules 6% d. That life formed in a primeval soup 49. Catalytic RNAs 13% a. Were discovered by Cech 2% b. Allow the first cells to have RNA genomes 1% c. Allow the first organisms to have little or no proteins 83% *d. All of the above 50. The first cells 22% a. Appeared at least 4 billion years ago 2% b. Used oxygen 1% c. Use aerobic respiration 66% *d. None of the above